Physiological Responses to Trauma-Haemorrhage (T/H) in Relation to Gender (Sex) in Adult Nubian Goats (Capra hircus)
Intisar Hassan Saeed Mohamed
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri, Sudan.
Ahmed Omer Alameen
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Abdalla Mohamed Abdelatif *
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The effects of gender and trauma-haemorrhage (T/H) on thermoregulation and blood constituents were investigated in adult Nubian goats.
Methodology: Twenty adult goats (10 males and 10 females) were used in the experiment. For each gender, animals were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 animals each, a control group and a treated group that was subjected to surgical soft tissue trauma (laparotomy) and 30% bleeding of calculated total blood volume. Thermoregulation, BW, haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored for 7 weeks.
Results: The results showed significant increases in RR (p<0.05) and HR (p<0.001) following T/H in treated groups. The females had significantly lower rectal temperature Tr (p<0.05) and higher heart rate HR (p<0.001) values in response to T/H. After T-H, the PCV and Hb concentration significantly (p<0.001) decreased in both treated groups until week 2, both parameters were lower (p<0.001) in females compared with males. The interaction between gender and T/H indicated lower (p<0.01) Hb concentration in the female group. The TLC values was increased significantly (p<0.001) in the female treated group after 6 hrs and at day 4 in the male treated group. The interaction between gender and T/H indicated higher (p<0.001) TLC in the female treated group. The ratios of lymphocytes decreased (p<0.001) and neutrophils increased (p<0.001) in treated groups compared with control groups until day 6. The interaction effects between gender and T/H indicated a lower (p<0.01) lymphocyte ratio and a higher (p<0.01) neutrophil ratio in the female treated group. Serum concentrations of total protein (p<0.001) and albumin (p<0.01) were significantly lower in T/H goats reflecting haemodilution and tissue catabolism. Following T/H, serum urea (p<0.01) and plasma glucose (p<0.001) concentrations were significantly higher in treated groups until day 2; and the females had significantly (p<0.001) higher glucose concentration compared with males.
Conclusions: Gender had marked effects on the responses to T/H. Female goats subjected to T/H had higher physiological responses compared to male treated goats.
Keywords: Gender (sex), male, female, trauma-haemorrhage, goats, thermoregulation, blood constituents